KUALITAS LIMBAH CAIR RUMAH SAKIT DI KABUPATEN BANYUASIN TAHUN 2025

Latar Belakang: Rumah sakit menghasilkan limbah cair yang berpotensi mengandung mikroorganisme patogen, bahan kimia berbahaya, dan zat radioaktif. Pengelolaan limbah cair yang tidak efektif dapat mencemari lingkungan dan membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat. Kualitas limbah cair rumah sakit harus memenuhi baku mutu sesuai Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No. 68 Tahun 2016. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas limbah cair di Rumah Sakit Kabupaten Banyuasin berdasarkan parameter fisik, kimia, dan biologi pada titik inlet dan outlet Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) tahun 2023–2024. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan bulanan IPAL. Data dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu yang berlaku. Hasil: Seluruh parameter pada titik outlet memenuhi baku mutu, yaitu TSS (<30 mg/L), pH (6–9), BOD (<30 mg/L), COD (<100 mg/L), amonia (<10 mg/L), minyak dan lemak (<5 mg/L), dan total coliform (<3000 MPN/100 mL). Namun, beberapa nilai mendekati batas maksimum, seperti TSS (Mei 2023: 26,9 mg/L; Maret 2024: 28,9 mg/L) dan BOD (Juli 2023: 28,2 mg/L). Kesimpulan: Kualitas limbah cair outlet IPAL Rumah Sakit Kabupaten Banyuasin telah memenuhi baku mutu, namun fluktuasi pada titik inlet menunjukkan perlunya optimalisasi pengelolaan, terutama pada musim hujan dan puncak aktivitas rumah sakit. Saran: Diperlukan pemeliharaan rutin unit pra-pengolahan, kontrol pH otomatis, kalibrasi sistem desinfeksi, dan pengawasan ketat terhadap sumber limbah kimia dan biologis.

Background: Hospitals generate liquid waste that potentially contains pathogenic microorganisms, hazardous chemicals, and radioactive substances. Ineffective management of liquid waste can pollute the environment and endanger public health. The quality of hospital liquid waste must comply with the standards set by Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 68 of 2016. Objective: This study aims to determine the quality of liquid waste at the Banyuasin District Hospital based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters at the inlet and outlet points of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in 2023–2024. Methods: This descriptive study used secondary data from monthly WWTP reports. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with applicable quality standards. Results: All parameters at the outlet point met the quality standards, namely TSS (<30 mg/L), pH (6–9), BOD (<30 mg/L), COD (<100 mg/L), ammonia (<10 mg/L), oil and grease (<5 mg/L), and total coliform (<3000 MPN/100 mL). However, some values were close to the maximum limits, such as TSS (May 2023: 26.9 mg/L; March 2024: 28.9 mg/L) and BOD (July 2023: 28.2 mg/L). Conclusion: The quality of the liquid waste at the outlet of the WWTP at Banyuasin District Hospital has met the quality standards, but fluctuations at the inlet point indicate the need for optimization of management, especially during the rainy season and peak hospital activities. Suggestion: Regular maintenance of pre-treatment units, automatic pH control, calibration of the disinfection system, and strict supervision of chemical and biological waste sources are required.