FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KELENGKAPAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DI PUSKESMAS KOTA PALEMBANG

PEBRIANSYAH, SYARIF (2025) FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KELENGKAPAN IMUNISASI DASAR PADA BAYI DI PUSKESMAS KOTA PALEMBANG. Diploma thesis, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palembang.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang: Imunisasi dasar merupakan langkah penting dalam mencegah penyakit menular pada bayi dan balita serta berperan dalam membentuk kekebalan kelompok. Namun, cakupan imunisasi masih menghadapi tantangan, baik secara global maupun nasional, termasuk di Indonesia dan Sumatera Selatan yang menunjukkan fluktuasi cakupan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Di Kota Palembang, cakupan imunisasi dasar mengalami penurunan signifikan, sehingga meningkatkan risiko kejadian penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain pengetahuan, pendidikan, sikap ibu, dukungan keluarga, serta faktor sosial lainnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada bayi di Puskesmas Kota Palembang. Tujuan Penelitian:untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan imunisasi dasar pada bayi di Puskesmas Taman Bacaan, Kota Palembang. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan jumlah sampel 92 ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 11 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan buku KIA, serta dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil Penelitian: menunjukkan bahwa status pekerjaan ibu dan sikap ibu berhubungan signifikan dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar bayi (p = 0,010; OR = 0,21 dan p = 0,032; OR = 4,13). Sementara itu, variabel usia ibu, pengetahuan, jarak ke fasilitas kesehatan, dan dukungan keluarga tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Ibu yang tidak bekerja dan memiliki sikap positif cenderung lebih melengkapi imunisasi anaknya. Diperlukan edukasi yang lebih intensif dan dukungan program pelayanan imunisasi untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi dasar.

Background: Basic immunization is an essential effort to prevent infectious diseases in infants and young children, as well as to establish herd immunity. However, immunization coverage still faces challenges globally and nationally, with fluctuations also occurring in Indonesia and South Sumatra. In Palembang City, coverage has declined significantly, increasing the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Several factors, including maternal knowledge, education, attitude, family support, and social conditions, may influence immunization completeness. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors affecting the Completeness of basic immunization among infants at Public Health Centers in Palembang City. Method: This research used a crosssectional design with 92 mothers of 11-month-old infants as respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book, and analyzed with the Chi-square test. Results: The findings showed that maternal employment status and maternal attitude were significantly associated with complete immunization (p = 0.010; OR = 0.21 and p = 0.032; OR = 4.13). Meanwhile, maternal age, knowledge, distance to health facilities, and family support were not significantly associated. Conclusion: Unemployed mothers with a positive attitude were more likely to complete their child’s immunization. Strengthened health education and immunization outreach programs are needed to improve immunization coverage.

Item Type: Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Imunisasi, bayi, pekerjaan, sikap, Pengetahuan
Subjects: H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General)
Divisions: Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan > 13421-D3 Pengawasan Epidemiologi
Depositing User: Apri Serly Yanti
Date Deposited: 20 Oct 2025 06:12
Last Modified: 20 Oct 2025 06:21
URI: http://rama.poltekkespalembang.ac.id/id/eprint/530

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