GAMBARAN KEPADATAN LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti PADA PENAMPUNGAN AIR SEBAGAI VEKTOR PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI SEKOLAH DASAR KECAMATAN SUKARAMI KOTA PALEMBANG

Latar belakang: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit menular
yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes
aegypti. Sekolah dasar berisiko tinggi karena banyaknya tempat penampungan air.
Kecamatan Sukarami, Kota Palembang mencatat kasus DBD tertinggi pada 2024.
Tujuan penelitian: Untuk Mengetahui kepadatan larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti
berdasarkan nilai House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), Breteau Index (BI),
Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ), dan Density Figure (DF), serta hubungan dengan
pelaksanaan program 3M. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi
deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian
diambil sebanyak 132 sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yang
diambil dari 13 sekolah dengan 42 gedung. Penelitian dilakukan secara
mikroskopis dan visual. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji
Chi-Square. Hasil Penelitian: Menunjukan kepadatan larva nyamuk Aedes
aegypti berdasarkan nilai HI sebesar 46,15%, CI 10,60%, BI 107,69%, dan ABJ
53,84%, DF mendapatkan hasil HI 6 (Kepadatan Tinggi), CI 4 (Kepadatan
Sedang), BI 8 (Kepadatan Tinggi). Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) sebesar 53,84%,
masih di bawah standar nasional (>95%). Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara
pelaksanaan 3M dengan kepadatan larva (p= 0,001). Kesimpulan: Sekolah Dasar
di Kecamatan Sukarami memiliki kepadatan larva yang tinggi dan ABJ rendah,
sehingga berisiko terhadap penularan DBD. Diperlukan peningkatan program 3M
secara berkelanjutan.

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused
by the dengue virus and transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti
mosquito. Primary schools are at high risk due to the large number of water
reservoirs. Sukarami District, Palembang City recorded the highest dengue cases
in 2024. Purpose of the study: To determine the larval density of Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes based on the values of the House Index (HI), Container Index (CI),
Breteau Index (BI), Larvae-Free Rate (ABJ), and Density Figure (DF), as well as
the relationship with the implementation of the 3M program. Research Method:
This study is an observational descriptive study with a cross sectional approach.
The research sample was taken as many as 132 samples using a simple random
sampling technique taken from 13 schools with 42 buildings. The research was
conducted microscopically and visually. The data were analyzed univariate and
bivariate with the Chi-Square test. Research Results: Showing the larval density
of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on the HI value of 46.15%, CI 10.60%, BI
107.69%, and ABJ 53.84%, DF obtained HI 6 (High Density), CI 4 (Medium
Density), BI 8 (High Density). The larvae-free rate (ABJ) is 53.84%, still below
the national standard (>95%). There was a significant relationship between the
implementation of 3M and larval density (p= 0.001). Conclusion: Elementary
schools in Sukarami District have a high larval density and low ABJ, so they are
at risk of dengue transmission. It is necessary to continuously improve the 3M
program.