FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RISIKO KANKER PAYUDARA PADA WANITA DI PUSKESMAS KAMPUS PALEMBANG TAHUN 2025

Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan kanker tersering pada wanita di Palembang; pola makan tidak sehat dan determinan sosiodemografis diduga berperan, tetapi bukti lokal masih terbatas. Tujuan: Menilai frekuensi risiko kanker payudara serta hubungannya dengan faktor perilaku, lingkungan, genetik, dan pelayanan kesehatan pada wanita di Puskesmas Kampus Palembang. Metode: Studi potong-lintang analitik (Januari–Maret 2025) menggunakan surveilans aktif pada 128 wanita umur 15–59 tahun. Data karakteristik, pola makan (FFQ), aktivitas fisik (IPAQ), merokok, riwayat keluarga, pendapatan, dan persepsi peran tenaga kesehatan dikumpulkan lewat wawancara terstruktur; risiko kanker payudara dinilai melalui pemeriksaan SADARI terstandar. Analisis χ² menghitung odds ratio (OR, 95 % CI). Hasil: Sebanyak 47,7 % responden tergolong berisiko. Faktor signifikan meliputi pola makan kurang baik (OR = 4,25; p<0,001), pendapatan < UMR (OR = 4,84; p<0,001), umur 36–59 tahun (OR = 2,76; p=0,008), pendidikan rendah (OR = 2,63; p=0,013), riwayat keluarga kanker payudara (OR = 2,27; p=0,035), dan persepsi kurang baik terhadap peran tenaga kesehatan (OR = 2,76; p=0,009). Aktivitas fisik, merokok, pekerjaan, dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal tidak berhubungan signifikan. Kesimpulan: Risiko kanker payudara berhubungan dengan umur, tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan, pola konsumsi makanan, riwayat keluarga, dan persepsi terhadap tenaga kesehatan.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in Palembang; unhealthy diet and sociodemographic determinants are suspected contributors, yet local evidence remains scarce. Objective: To determine the frequency of breast-cancer risk and its association with behavioural, environmental, genetic and healthcare factors among women attending Kampus Primary Health Centre, Palembang. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study (January–March 2025) with active surveillance interviewed 128 women aged 15–59 years. Structured questionnaires captured characteristics, dietary pattern (FFQ), physical activity (IPAQ), smoking, family history, income, and perception of health-worker roles; breast-cancer risk was assessed via standardised Breast Self-Examination (BSE/SADARI). Chi-square tests produced odds ratios (OR, 95 % CI). Results: Overall, 47.7 % of participants were classified at risk. Significant determinants were poor dietary pattern (OR = 4.25; p<0.001), income below the regional minimum wage (OR = 4.84; p<0.001), age 36–59 years (OR = 2.76; p=0.008), low education (OR = 2.63; p=0.013), positive family history (OR = 2.27; p=0.035) and inadequate perceived health-worker support (OR = 2.76; p=0.009). Physical activity, smoking status, employment and hormonal-contraceptive use were not significantly related. Conclusion: The risk of breast cancer is related to age, education level, income, food consumption patterns, family history, and perceptions of health workers.