AKTIVITAS ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU (Syzygium malaccense) YANG DIEKSTRAKSI DENGAN METODE ULTRASOUND-ASISSTED EXTRACTION (UAE) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang memerlukan alternatif terapi, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan bahan alam. Daun jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi memberikan aktivitas antidiare. Metode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses ekstraksi.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Sebanyak 25 ekor mencit putih jantan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif loperamide, serta kelompok ekstrak dengan dosis 20, 40, dan 60 mg/20 gBB. Diare diinduksi menggunakan oleum ricini dan aktivitas antidiare diuji dengan metode transit intestinal menggunakan norit sebagai marker. Data dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA dilanjutkan uji LSD.
Hasil: Ekstrak menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 31,05% dan positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid. Rata-rata persentase transit intestinal pada kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dosis I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 98,46%; 32,07%; 29,61%; 35,45%; dan 42,21%. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p=0,000). Dosis I dan II tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol 70% daun jambu bol hasil UAE memiliki aktivitas antidiare, dengan dosis 20 mg/20 gBB menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi.
Kata kunci: antidiare, Syzygium malaccense, transit intestinal, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, UAE.

ABSTRACT
Background: Diarrhea is a health problem that requires alternative therapeutic approaches, including the utilization of natural resources. Jambu bol leaves (Syzygium malaccense) contain secondary metabolites that may contribute to antidiarrheal activity. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) was used to improve extraction efficiency.
Methods: This experimental study employed a post-test only control group design. Twenty-five male mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control with loperamide, and extract groups receiving doses of 20, 40, and 60 mg/20 gBW. Diarrhea was induced using castor oil, and antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using the intestinal transit method with Norit as a marker. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by the LSD test.
Results: The extract yielded 31.05% and was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The mean intestinal transit percentages for the negative control, positive control, doses I, II, and III were 98.46%, 32.07%, 29.61%, 35.45%, and 42.21%, respectively. Significant differences were observed among groups (p=0.000). Doses I and II did not differ significantly from the positive control.
Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract of jambu bol leaves obtained by UAE exhibited antidiarrheal activity, with 20 mg/20 gBW showing the highest activity.
Keywords: antidiarrheal activity, intestinal transit, Syzygium malaccense, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, UAE.