KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL PADA DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius), PANDAN BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus ), DAN PANDAN DURI (Pandanus tectorius)

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang : Daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius), pandan buah merah (Pandanus conoideus), dan pandan duri (Pandanus tectorius) merupakan tanaman dari genus Pandanus yang diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder, terutama flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan senyawa fenolik yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam bidang farmasi dan kesehatan. Kandungan flavonoid pada setiap spesies dapat berbeda karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, lingkungan tumbuh, serta metode ekstraksi yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan dan membandingkan kadar flavonoid total pada ketiga jenis daun pandan tersebut sehingga dapat diketahui jenis daun pandan yang memiliki kandungan flavonoid paling tinggi.
Hasil : Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air simplisia daun pandan wangi, pandan buah merah, dan pandan duri masing-masing sebesar 4,97%, 7,97%, dan 8,77%, sehingga seluruhnya memenuhi persyaratan kadar air simplisia (<10%). Hasil penetapan kadar flavonoid total menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun pandan buah merah memiliki kadar flavonoid tertinggi yaitu 76,95 ± 0,99 mg QE/g, diikuti ekstrak daun pandan wangi sebesar 49,85 ± 1,00 mg QE/g, dan ekstrak daun pandan duri sebesar 40,31 ± 2,17 mg QE/g. Perbedaan kadar flavonoid tersebut menunjukkan adanya variasi kandungan metabolit sekunder pada masing-masing spesies daun pandan.
Kesimpulan : Ketiga ekstrak etanol daun pandan terbukti mengandung senyawa flavonoid dengan kadar yang berbeda. Ekstrak daun pandan buah merah (Pandanus conoideus) memiliki kadar flavonoid total tertinggi dibandingkan daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dan daun pandan duri (Pandanus tectorius), sehingga berpotensi lebih besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber flavonoid alami dan dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan sediaan farmasi maupun produk kesehatan berbasis bahan alam.
 
ABSTRACT

Background : Pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius), pandan buah merah (Pandanus conoideus), and pandan duri (Pandanus tectorius) are species within the genus Pandanus that are known to contain secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and are therefore considered potential natural sources for pharmaceutical and health-related applications. Because flavonoid content may vary between species due to genetic factors, growing conditions, and extraction methods, it is important to compare the total flavonoid content of these three pandan leaves.
Methods : This study was a descriptive study designed to determine and compare the total flavonoid content of ethanol extracts from pandan wangi, pandan buah merah, and pandan duri leaves. The simplified plant materials were first tested for moisture content to ensure raw material quality, then extracted using the Soxhlet method with 70% ethanol. Total flavonoid content was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry using aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and sodium acetate as reagents, while quercetin was used as the reference standard for calibration and calculation of total flavonoid content expressed as mg QE/g extract.
Results : The moisture content of the simplicia was 4.97% for pandan wangi, 7.97% for pandan buah merah, and 8.77% for pandan duri, all of which met the required standard of less than 10%. The results of total flavonoid determination showed that pandan buah merah extract had the highest total flavonoid content, at 76.95 ± 0.99 mg QE/g, followed by pandan wangi extract at 49.85 ± 1.00 mg QE/g, and pandan duri extract at 40.31 ± 2.17 mg QE/g. These findings indicate that the three species have different levels of flavonoid compounds.
Conclusion : All three ethanol extracts contained flavonoids, but pandan buah merah (Pandanus conoideus) showed the highest total flavonoid content compared with pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and pandan duri (Pandanus tectorius). Therefore, pandan buah merah has the greatest potential to be developed as a natural flavonoid source for pharmaceutical and health product development.