FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI EMULGEL MENGANDUNG KOMBINASI TEA TREE OIL DAN ARGAN OIL SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF TOPIKAL ANTI-ACNE

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Acne vulgaris merupakan penyakit kulit kronis. Pengobatan jerawat menggunakan bahan kimia dapat menimbulkan iritasi dan resistensi bakteri. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif bahan alami yang lebih aman. Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antiinflamasi, sedangkan argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) berfungsi sebagai pelembap dan antioksidan. Kombinasi kedua bahan tersebut diformulasikan dalam bentuk emulgel karena mampu meningkatkan stabilitas dan penghantaran bahan aktif pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan mengevaluasi sediaan emulgel mengandung kombinasi tea tree oil dan argan oil dengan variasi konsentrasi karbopol 940 sebagai gelling agent.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental yang dimana terdiri dari formula kontrol (tanpa zat aktif) dan tiga formula uji (mengandung kombinasi tea tree oil 4% dan argan oil 2%) dengan konsentrasi karbopol 940 sebesar 1%, 1,5% dan 2%. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi sediaan pada 28 hari penyimpanan suhu kamar dan 12 hari uji dipercepat (cycling test) ditinjau dari bentuk, bau, warna, pH, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar, tipe emulsi, sineresis & swelling serta uji iritasi kulit
Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi didapatkan dari keempat formula bahwa bentuk, bau, warna, pH, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar, tipe emulsi, sineresis & swelling serta uji iritasi kulit menunjukkan sediaan yang stabil dan memenuhi persyaratan selama 28 hari penyimpanan suhu kamar dan 12 hari uji dipercepat (cycling test). Formula yang paling optimal adalah formula II
Kesimpulan : Kombinasi tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) dan argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan emulgel yáng stabil dan memenuhi persyaratan. Formula yang paling optimal adalah formula II dengan konsentrasi karbopol 940 sebesar 1,5%
Kata Kunci : Acne vulgaris, argan oil, emulgel, tea tree oil

ABSTRACT
Background : Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease. The use of chemical-based acne treatments may cause irritation and bacterial resistance. Therefore, safer natural alternatives are needed. Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, while argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) functions as a moisturizer and antioxidant. The combination of these two ingredients was formulated into an emulgel dosage form because it can improve the stability and delivery of active substances to the skin. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate an emulgel preparation containing a combination of tea tree oil and argan oil with different concentrations of Carbopol 940 as the gelling agent.
Methods : This study used an experimental method consisting of one control formula (without active substances) and three test formulas containing a combination of 4% tea tree oil and 2% argan oil with Carbopol 940 concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The preparations were evaluated during 28 days of storage at room temperature and 12 days of accelerated stability testing (cycling test) based on physical appearance, odor, color, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, emulsion type, syneresis and swelling, as well as skin irritation test.
Results : The evaluation results showed that all four formulas demonstrated stable preparations and met the required standards in terms of physical appearance, odor, color, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, emulsion type, syneresis and swelling, as well as skin irritation test during 28 days of room temperature storage and 12 days of accelerated stability testing (cycling test). Formula II was found to be the most optimal formula.
Conclusion : The combination of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) and argan oil (Argania spinosa L.) can be successfully formulated into a stable emulgel preparation that meets the required standards. The most optimal formula was Formula II containing 1.5% Carbopol 940.
Keywords : Acne vulgaris, argan oil, emulgel, tea tree oil