GAMBARAN EDUKASI GIZI DAN KEPATUHAN DIET PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI RSUD SITI FATIMAH PALEMBANG

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan edukasi gizi dan kepatuhan diet sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan penyakit. Tujuan Penelitian: mengetahui gambaran riwayat edukasi gizi dan kepatuhan diet berdasarkan prinsip 3J (jenis, jumlah, dan jadwal makan) pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 di RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang. Metode Penelitian: penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional pada 41 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner kepatuhan diet dan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), kemudian dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil Penelitian: sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (65,9%) dan berusia 50–64 tahun (53,7%). Seluruh responden telah memperoleh edukasi gizi. Sebanyak 13 responden (31,7%) patuh terhadap diet, sedangkan 28 responden (68,3%) tidak patuh. Kepatuhan terhadap jenis makanan sebesar 56,1%, sedangkan sebagian besar responden belum memenuhi anjuran jumlah makanan (63,4%) dan jadwal makan. Kesimpulan: meskipun seluruh responden telah memperoleh edukasi gizi, sebagian besar masih belum mematuhi diet sesuai prinsip 3J. Edukasi gizi berkelanjutan dan pemantauan rutin diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan diet pasien.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires nutrition education and dietary adherence as part of disease management. Objective: To determine the history of nutrition education and dietary adherence based on the 3J principle (type, quantity, and schedule of meals) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Siti Fatimah Regional General Hospital, Palembang. Method: A descriptive study with a cross-sectional design involving 41 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a dietary adherence questionnaire and a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), then analyzed univariately. Results: The majority of respondents were female (65.9%) and aged 50–64 years (53.7%). All respondents had received nutrition education. Thirteen respondents (31.7%) adhered to the diet, while 28 respondents (68.3%) were non-adherent. Compliance with food types was 56.1%, while the majority of respondents did not meet the recommended food quantities (63.4%) and meal schedules. Conclusion: Although all respondents had received nutrition education, the majority still did not adhere to the 3J principles of the diet. Ongoing nutrition education and regular monitoring are needed to improve patient dietary compliance.