PERBEDAAN KEPOLARAN PELARUT TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK DAUN SAGA (Abrus precatorius)

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Daun saga (Abrus precatorius L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang
mengandung senyawa flavonoid sebagai antioksidan alami. Perbedaan tingkat
kepolaran pelarut dapat memengaruhi kemampuan ekstraksi flavonoid sehingga
diperlukan penelitian untuk menentukan pelarut yang paling efektif dalam
menghasilkan kadar flavonoid total tertinggi.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan metode
ekstraksi refluks dengan tiga jenis pelarut, yaitu etanol 96% (polar), etil asetat
(semi polar), dan n-heksan (nonpolar). Identifikasi flavonoid dilakukan secara
kualitatif menggunakan uji warna dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), sedangkan
penetapan kadar flavonoid total dilakukan secara kuantitatif menggunakan
spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan kuersetin sebagai baku pembanding pada panjang
gelombang maksimum 414 nm.
Hasil: Seluruh ekstrak menunjukkan hasil positif mengandung flavonoid
berdasarkan uji warna dan KLT. Rendemen ekstrak tertinggi diperoleh pada
pelarut etil asetat sebesar 40,49%, diikuti etanol 96% sebesar 32,03% dan n
heksan sebesar 28,68%. Penetapan kadar flavonoid total menunjukkan bahwa
ekstrak etil asetat memiliki kadar flavonoid tertinggi sebesar 19,76 mg QE/g
ekstrak, sedangkan ekstrak etanol 96% sebesar 9,21 mg QE/g ekstrak dan ekstrak
n-heksan sebesar 8,58 mg QE/g ekstrak.
Kesimpulan: Perbedaan kepolaran pelarut memengaruhi kadar flavonoid total
ekstrak daun saga. Pelarut etil asetat (semi polar) merupakan pelarut yang paling
efektif dalam mengekstraksi flavonoid total dibandingkan etanol 96% dan n
heksan.
Kata kunci: Daun Saga, Flavonoid Total, Kepolaran Pelarut, KLT,
Spektrofotometri UV-Vis.

ABSTRACT
Background: Saga leaves (Abrus precatorius L.) are medicinal plants containing
flavonoid compounds that act as natural antioxidants. Differences in solvent
polarity may affect the efficiency of flavonoid extraction; therefore, this study was
conducted to determine the most effective solvent for obtaining the highest total
flavonoid content.
Methods: This experimental study employed the reflux extraction method using
three solvents with different polarities, namely 96% ethanol (polar), ethyl acetate
(semi-polar), and n-hexane (non-polar). Flavonoids were identified qualitatively
using the color reaction test and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), while the total
flavonoid
content
was
determined
quantitatively
using
UV-Visible
spectrophotometry with quercetin as the reference standard at the maximum
wavelength of 414 nm.
Results: All extracts tested positive for flavonoid compounds based on the color
reaction and TLC analyses. The highest extraction yield was obtained using ethyl
acetate (40.49%), followed by 96% ethanol (32.03%) and n-hexane (28.68%). The
determination of total flavonoid content showed that the ethyl acetate extract
contained the highest flavonoid level (19.76 mg QE/g extract), followed by the 96%
ethanol extract (9.21 mg QE/g extract) and the n-hexane extract (8.58 mg QE/g
extract).
Conclusion: Solvent polarity significantly influences the total flavonoid content of
saga leaf extract. Ethyl acetate, a semi-polar solvent, was the most effective solvent
for extracting total flavonoids compared with 96% ethanol and n-hexane.
Keywords: Abrus precatorius, total flavonoids, solvent polarity, TLC, UV-Visible
spectrophotometry.