EVALUASI POTENSI MEDICATION ERROR PADA RESEP ELEKTRONIK DI INSTALASI FARMASI RAWAT JALAN RSUD SITI FATIMAH PALEMBANG

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang:Medication error merupakan salah satu masalah yang dapat memengaruhi keselamatan pasien dalam pelayanan kefarmasian. Penerapan resep elektronik (e-prescribing) diketahui mampu mengurangi berbagai kesalahan pada proses peresepan, namun potensi medication error masih dapat terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi medication error pada resep elektronik di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang.
Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan desain deskriptif retrospektif. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 390 resep elektronik pasien rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data diperoleh melalui skrining administratif, farmasetik, dan klinis (potensi interaksi obat) menggunakan lembar observasi yang disusun berdasarkan Permenkes Nomor 72 Tahun 2016 dan Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit Tahun 2019. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk frekuensi serta persentase.
Hasil:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ditemukan potensi medication error pada aspek administratif (0%). Pada aspek farmasetik ditemukan potensi medication error pada 335 resep (85,9%), dengan ketidakjelasan dosis atau kekuatan obat sebagai temuan terbanyak sebanyak 309 resep (79,2%), diikuti bentuk sediaan yang tidak konsisten atau tidak lengkap sebanyak 145 resep (37,2%) dan aturan pakai yang tidak jelas sebanyak 77 resep (19,7%). Pada aspek klinis ditemukan potensi interaksi obat pada 180 resep (46,2%), dengan Sebagian besar termasuk kategori interaksi moderat.
Kesimpulan: Potensi medication error pada resep elektronik di Instalasi Farmasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang masih ditemukan pada aspek farmasetik dan klinis, sedangkan pada aspek administratif tidak ditemukan potensi medication error. Oleh karena itu, skrining resep oleh tenaga kefarmasian tetap diperlukan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.
Kata Kunci: interaksi obat, keselamatan pasien, medication error, resep elektronik, skrining resep

ABSTRACT
Background: Medication error is one of the problems that may affect patient safety in pharmaceutical services. The implementation of electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) has been shown to reduce various prescribing errors; however, the potential for medication errors still exists. This study aimed to evaluate the potential medication errors in electronic prescriptions at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation of RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang.
Methods: This study employed a non-experimental retrospective descriptive design. A total of 390 electronic outpatient prescriptions that met the inclusion criteria were included as the study samples. Data were collected through administrative, pharmaceutical, and clinical screening (potential drug-drug interactions) using an observation checklist developed based on the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation Number 72 of 2016 and the 2019 Technical Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Hospitals. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies and percentages.
Results: The results showed that no potential medication errors were identified in the administrative aspect (0%). In the pharmaceutical aspect, potential medication errors were identified in 335 prescriptions (85.9%), with unclear drug dosage or strength being the most frequent finding in 309 prescriptions (79.2%), followed by incomplete or inconsistent dosage forms in 145 prescriptions (37.2%) and unclear directions for use in 77 prescriptions (19.7%). In the clinical aspect, potential drug-drug interactions were identified in 180 prescriptions (46.2%), with the majority classified as moderate interactions.
Conclusion: The implementation of electronic prescribing at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation of RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang has not completely eliminated the potential for medication errors during the prescribing stage. Potential medication errors were still identified in the pharmaceutical and clinical aspects, while no potential medication errors were found in the evaluated administrative components. Therefore, continuous evaluation and improvement of the electronic prescribing system, along with prescription screening by pharmacists, are still required to minimize potential medication errors and improve patient safety.
Keywords: drug-drug interactions, electronic prescribing, medication error, prescription screening, patient safety.