Identifikasi Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) Berdasarkan Kriteria Beers pada Pasien Geriatri di RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang : Lanjut usia dengan kondisi kesehatan kompleks (pasien geriatri) rentan mengalami perubahan farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik obat akibat proses penuaan, sehingga meningkatkan risiko Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM). Kriteria Beers 2023 digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk mengidentifikasi PIM, namun evaluasi penggunaan PIM berdasarkan Kriteria Beers belum pernah dilakukan di RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang.

Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan desain deskriptif observasional retrospektif. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medis dan lembar resep 100 pasien geriatri rawat jalan (≥60 tahun) di RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang periode Januari–Maret 2026 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Obat yang diresepkan dicocokkan dengan lima kategori Kriteria Beers 2023, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat menggunakan Microsoft Excel.

Hasil : Dari 464 item obat yang diresepkan, golongan Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) paling banyak digunakan (43 item; 9,2%). Sebanyak 68 kejadian PIM yang melibatkan 18 jenis obat ditemukan pada Kategori 1, 2, 3, dan 4, sedangkan Kategori 5 tidak dapat dievaluasi karena keterbatasan data fungsi ginjal. Kategori 3 memiliki frekuensi kejadian tertinggi, dengan furosemid tablet 40 mg (16 kejadian; 23,5%) dan spironolactone (15 kejadian; 22,1%) sebagai obat yang paling sering ditemukan. Sebanyak 41% pasien menerima minimal satu obat PIM.

Kesimpulan : Penggunaan Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) berdasarkan Kriteria Beers 2023 masih ditemukan pada pasien geriatri rawat jalan di RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang. Kategori 3 merupakan kategori PIM yang paling banyak teridentifikasi, dengan furosemid dan spironolactone sebagai obat yang paling sering ditemukan.

Kata Kunci : Beers Criteria, geriatri, Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM), rawat jalan

ABSTRACT

Background : Older adults with complex health conditions (geriatric patients) are susceptible to age-related changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, increasing the risk of Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM). The 2023 Beers Criteria are used as a guideline to identify PIM. However, no evaluation of PIM based on the Beers Criteria has previously been conducted at RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang.

Methods : This was a non-experimental, retrospective descriptive observational study. Data were collected from medical records and prescription sheets of 100 outpatient geriatric patients (≥60 years) at RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang during January–March 2026, selected through purposive sampling. Prescribed medications were matched against the five categories of the 2023 Beers Criteria and analyzed using univariate analysis in Microsoft Excel.

Results : Of the 464 prescribed drug items, Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) were the most frequently prescribed drug class (43 items; 9.2%). A total of 68 PIM occurrences involving 18 different drugs were identified across Categories 1, 2, 3, and 4, while Category 5 could not be evaluated due to limited renal function data. Category 3 had the highest frequency of PIM occurrences, with 40 mg furosemide tablets (16 occurrences; 23.5%) and spironolactone (15 occurrences; 22.1%) being the most frequently identified drugs. A total of 41% of patients received at least one PIM.

Conclusion : Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use based on the 2023 Beers Criteria was still identified among outpatient geriatric patients at RSUD Siti Fatimah Palembang. Category 3 was the most frequently identified PIM category, with furosemide and spironolactone being the most frequently identified drugs.

Keywords : Beers Criteria, geriatric, outpatient, Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM)