EVALUASI ADVERSE DRUG REACTION (ADR) PADA PASIEN HIV YANG MENGGUNAKAN OBAT ARV DI PUSKESMAS SUKARAMI KOTA PALEMBANG

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan penyakit yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh dan memerlukan terapi Antiretroviral (ARV) jangka panjang untuk menekan replikasi virus. Meskipun efektif meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien, penggunaan ARV dapat menimbulkan Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) yang berpotensi menurunkan kepatuhan pengobatan.
Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan rancangan deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 37 pasien HIV pengguna ARV di Puskesmas Sukarami Kota Palembang. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk frekuensi serta persentase.
Hasil: Mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki (91,89%), berusia 21–40 tahun (81,08%), dan telah menjalani terapi ARV lebih dari 12 bulan (89,19%). Regimen ARV yang paling banyak digunakan adalah TLD (67,57%), diikuti TLE (32,43%). Sebanyak 68 kejadian ADR ditemukan pada 28 responden. ADR yang paling sering dilaporkan meliputi perubahan berat badan (25%), badan lemas dan mudah lelah (19,12%), neuropati perifer (10,29%), ruam kulit (10,29%), cemas/depresi (10,29%), gangguan pencernaan (8,82%), vertigo (8,82%), insomnia (5,88%), dan hepatotoksisitas (1,47%). Sebagian besar responden mengatasi ADR dengan melaporkan keluhan kepada tenaga kesehatan atau dokter (81,08%), sedangkan 18,92% melakukan swamedikasi.
Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar pasien HIV pengguna ARV mengalami ADR dengan jenis yang beragam, dimana sebagian besar pasien mengakui perubahan menurunnya berat badan terjadi pada terapi regimen TLE, dan menaiknya berat badan pada terapi TLD merupakan ADR yang paling banyak ditemukan. Cara mereka mengatasi ADR adalah dengan melaporkan kepada tenaga kesehatan.
Kata Kunci: Adverse Drug Reaction, Antiretroviral, Farmakovigilans, HIV.

ABSTRACT
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a disease that attacks the immune system and requires long-term Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to suppress viral replication. Although effective in improving patients' quality of life, ARV therapy may cause Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), which can potentially reduce treatment adherence.
Method: This study employed a non-experimental descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires administered to 37 HIV patients receiving ARV therapy at Sukarami Primary Health Center, Palembang. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies and percentages.
Results: The majority of respondents were male (91.89%), aged 21–40 years (81.08%), and had been receiving ARV therapy for more than 12 months (89.19%). The most commonly prescribed ARV regimen was TLD (67.57%), followed by TLE (32.43%). A total of 68 ADR events were identified among 28 respondents. The most frequently reported ADRs were body weight changes (25%), weakness and fatigue (19.12%), peripheral neuropathy (10.29%), skin rash (10.29%), anxiety/depression (10.29%), gastrointestinal disorders (8.82%), vertigo (8.82%), insomnia (5.88%), and hepatotoxicity (1.47%). Most respondents managed ADRs by reporting their symptoms to healthcare professionals or physicians (81.08%), while 18.92% practiced self-medication.
Conclusion: Most HIV patients receiving ARV therapy experienced various types of ADRs. The most frequently reported ADR was body weight change, characterized by weight loss among patients receiving the TLE regimen and weight gain among those receiving the TLD regimen. Most patients managed ADRs by reporting their symptoms to healthcare professionals.
Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction, Antiretroviral, HIV, Pharmacovigilance.