PERBANDINGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI MASERASI DAN SOKLETASI TERHADAP PARAMETER STANDARDISASI MUTU EKSTRAK DAUN BUNGUR (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.)

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Daun bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang mengandung metabolit bioaktif seperti asam korosolat, flavonoid, dan tanin, serta berpotensi mendukung pencegahan penyakit metabolik dan kronis. Pengembangan daun bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) sebagai bahan baku fitofarmaka memerlukan standardisasi mutu ekstrak, yang dipengaruhi oleh metode ekstraksi yang digunakan, yaitu maserasi dan sokletasi. Upaya ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan ekstrak yang memenuhi kriteria mutu yang ditetapkan.

Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan mengekstraksi simplisia daun bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% melalui metode maserasi dan sokletasi, masing-masing dengan tiga kali replikasi. Ekstrak kental yang diperoleh diuji parameter spesifik (organoleptis, kandungan kimia, kadar sari larut air dan etanol) dan non-spesifik (bobot jenis, kadar air, cemaran logam Pb, dan cemaran mikroba), kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Independent Samples t-Test.

Hasil: Rendemen ekstrak maserasi sebesar 17,788% dan sokletasi 21,405%. Kadar sari larut air pada maserasi 72,685% dan sokletasi 89,773%, sedangkan kadar sari larut etanol pada maserasi 80,599% dan sokletasi 95,650%. Bobot jenis ekstrak maserasi 1,026 g/mL dan sokletasi 1,015 g/mL. Kadar air ekstrak maserasi 8,813% dan sokletasi 4,773%. Cemaran logam Pb pada maserasi 4,252 mg/kg dan sokletasi 1,985 mg/kg. Cemaran mikroba pada kedua metode menunjukkan hasil 0/gram.

Kesimpulan: Metode ekstraksi sokletasi menghasilkan mutu ekstrak daun bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode ekstraksi maserasi.

Kata kunci: Daun Bungur, Maserasi, Sokletasi, Standardisasi Ekstrak

ABSTRACT

Background: Banaba leaf (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) is a medicinal plant containing bioactive metabolites such as corosolic acid, flavonoids, and tannins, which have potential in supporting the prevention of metabolic and chronic diseases. Developing banaba leaf as a raw material for phytopharmaceuticals requires standardization of extract quality, which is influenced by the extraction method used, namely maceration and Soxhlet extraction. This effort aims to produce extracts that meet established quality criteria.

Methods: This study was conducted experimentally by extracting banaba leaf simplicia using 70% ethanol as the solvent through maceration and Soxhlet extraction methods, each with three replications. The resulting thick extracts were tested for specific parameters (organoleptic characteristics, chemical content, water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extract content) and non-specific parameters (specific gravity, moisture content, lead (Pb) contamination, and microbial contamination), then analyzed using the Independent Samples t-Test.

Results: The yield was 17.788% for maceration and 21.405% for Soxhlet extraction. Water-soluble extract content was 72.685% (maceration) and 89.773% (Soxhlet), while ethanol-soluble extract content was 80.599% (maceration) and 95.650% (Soxhlet). Specific gravity was 1.026 g/mL (maceration) and 1.015 g/mL (Soxhlet). Moisture content was 8.813% (maceration) and 4.773% (Soxhlet). Lead (Pb) contamination was 4.252 mg/kg (maceration) and 1.985 mg/kg (Soxhlet). Microbial contamination in both extracts was 0/gram.

Conclusion: The Soxhlet extraction method produced better quality banaba leaf extract compared to the maceration extraction method.

Keywords: Banaba Leaf, Maceration, Soxhlet Extraction, Extract Standardization