HUBUNGAN KADAR HbA1c DENGAN KADAR MIKROALBUMIN PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DISERTAI HIPERTENSI

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2 dan hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang prevalensinya terus meningkat dan berisiko memicu komplikasi mikrovaskular, salah satunya nefropati diabetik. Kontrol glikemik jangka panjang yang buruk (ditandai dengan tingginya kadar HbA1c) serta peningkatan tekanan darah dapat merusak membran glomerulus ginjal, yang dideteksi secara dini melalui peningkatan ekskresi mikroalbumin dalam urine. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar HbA1c dengan kadar mikroalbumin pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 disertai hipertensi di Puskesmas OPI Kota Palembang. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2026 menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien Prolanis periode Januari–Desember 2025 di Puskesmas OPI Kota Palembang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 51 responden yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik non-parametrik Spearman Rank karena data tidak berdistribusi normal berdasarkan uji Shapiro-Wilk (p < 0,05). Hasil: Distribusi frekuensi menunjukkan mayoritas responden memiliki kadar HbA1c tidak normal (tinggi) sebanyak 35 orang (68,62%) dengan rata-rata (mean) 7,95%. Sebanyak 40 orang (78,43%) responden memiliki kadar mikroalbumin tidak normal (mikroalbuminuria) dengan rata-rata 108,23 mg/24 jam. Hasil uji Spearman Rank dengan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,306 dan nilai signifikansi p-value sebesar 0,029 (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar HbA1c dengan kadar mikroalbumin pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 disertai Hipertensi di Puskesmas OPI. Semakin tinggi kadar HbA1c maka kadar mikroalbumin cenderung meningkat. Saran: Puskesmas diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemantauan dan edukasi tentang pentingnya melakukan pengecekan rutin kadar HbA1c dan kadar mikroalbumin secara berkala sebagai upaya evaluasi pengendalian glukosa darah dan deteksi dini gangguan fungsi ginjal agar kualitas hidup pasien dapat meningkat.
Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 disertai Hipertensi, HbA1c, Mikroalbumin, Nefropati Diabetik.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are non-communicable diseases whose prevalence continues to increase and are at risk of triggering microvascular complications, one of which is diabetic nephropathy. Poor long-term glycemic control (characterized by high HbA1c levels) as well as increased blood pressure can damage the glomerular membrane of the kidneys, which is detected early through increased excretion of microalbumin in the urine. Research Objectives: To determine the relationship between HbA1c levels and microalbumin levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus accompanied by hypertension at the OPI Health Center in Palembang City. Methods: This type of research was observational analytics with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in June 2026 using secondary data from the medical records of Prolanis patients for the period January-December 2025 at the OPI Health Center in Palembang City. The research sample amounted to 51 respondents who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used a non-parametric statistical test Spearman Rank because the data were not normally distributed based on the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05). Results: The frequency distribution showed that the majority of respondents had abnormally (high) HbA1c levels of 35 people (68.62%) with an average (mean) of 7.95%. A total of 40 people (78.43%) of the respondents had abnormal microalbumin levels (microalbuminuria) with an average of 108.23 mg/24 hours. The results of the Spearman Rank test with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.306 and a significance value of p-value of 0.029 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between HbA1c levels and microalbumin levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus accompanied by Hypertension at OPI Health Centers. The higher the HbA1c level, the more microalbumin levels tend to increase. Suggestion: Puskesmas is expected to increase monitoring and education about the importance of conducting routine checks of HbA1c and microalbumin levels periodically as an effort to evaluate blood glucose control and early detection of kidney function disorders so that the quality of life of patients can be improved.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus accompanied by Hypertension, HbA1c, Microalbumin, Diabetic Nephropathy.