GAMBARAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO, SERAT, STATUS GIZI, DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SOSIAL PALEMBANG

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus atau penyakit kencing manis merupakan penyakit menahun yang dapat diderita seumur hidup (Sihotang, 2017). Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh gangguan metabolisme pada pankreas yang ditandai dengan
peningkatan gula darah atau hiperglikemia akibat menurunnya jumlah insulin (Saputri, 2016). Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
gambaran asupan zat gizi makro, serat, status gizi dan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe II di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sosial Palembang.
Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif dengan rancanakan penelitian cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan cara
purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden 41 orang. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Sosial responden jenis kelamin perempuan
yaitu sebanyak 31 orang (75,6%), responden dengan usia >60 tahun sebanyak 25 orang (61%), pendidikan terakhir responden yaitu pendidikan menengah ke atas SLTA sebanyak 14 orang (34,1%), kadar gula darah responden sebagian besar
tergolong hiperglikemia sebanyak 24 orang (58,5%), asupan energi sebagian besar kategori baik sebanyak 18 responden (43,9%), asupan protein sebagian besar
kategori lebih sebanyak 26 responden (63,4%), asupan lemak sebagian besar kategori lebih sebanyak 24 responden (58,5%), asupan karbohidrat sebagian besar kategori kurang sebanyak 25 responden (61,0%), asupan serat sebagian besar
kategori kurang sebanyak 40 orang (97,6%), status gizi responden dengan obesitas sebanyak 29 orang (70,7%). Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar pasien diabetes melitus
tipe 2 di wilayah kerja puskesmas sosial Palembang memiliki asupan energi kategori baik, asupan protein dan lemak kategori lebih, serta asupan karbohidrat dan serat kategori kurang. Selain itu, mayoritas responden mengalami obesitas dan memiliki kadar gula darah tergolong hiperglikemia.

Background: Diabetes mellitus, or diabetes, is a chronic condition that can last a lifetime (Sibotang, 2017). This disease is caused by a metabolic disorder in the
pancreas characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, or hyperglycemia, resulting
from decreased insulin production (Saputri, 2016). Research Objective: This study aims to determine the profile of macronutrient and fiber intake, nutritional status,
and blood glucose levels among patients with type II diabetes mellitus in the service
area of the Palembang Social Community Health Center. Research Method: This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, with a total of 41 respondents. Research Result: The study, conducted at the Social Community Health Center, found that 31 respondents
(75.6%) were female; 25 respondents (61%) were aged over 60 years; 14 respondents (34.1%) had completed high school or higher; the majority of respondents (24, or 58.5%) had blood glucose levels classified as hyperglycemia;
the majority (18, or 43.9%) had energy intake in the “good” category; the majority (26, or 63.4%) had protein intake in the “excessive” category; the majority of
respondents had a fat intake in the “excessive” category (24 respondents, 58.5%); the majority of respondents had a carbohydrate intake in the “inadequate”
category (25 respondents, 61.0%); the majority of respondents had a fiber intake
in the inadequate category (40 respondents, 97.6%); and 29 respondents (70.7%) were classified as obese. Conclusion:Most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in
the service area of the Palembang Social community health center have an energy intake in the good category, protein and fat intakes in the excessive category, and
carbohydrate and fiber intakes in the insufficient category. In addition, the majority of respondents are obese and have blood sugar levels classified as hyperglycemia.