HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN ENERGI, ZAT GIZI MAKRO, POLA MAKAN DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PADA SISWA/I SMA NEGERI 2 BABAT TOMAN

Latar Belakang: Status gizi remaja merupakan indikator penting yang mencerminkan kondisi kesehatan dan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Status gizi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain asupan energi, zat gizi makro, pola makan, kebiasaan sarapan dan pengetahuan gizi. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara asupan energi, zat gizi makro, pola makan, kebiasaan sarapan dan pengetahuan gizi dengan status gizi (IMT/U) pada siswa/i SMA Negeri 2 Babat Toman. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 34 siswa kelas X dan XI yang dipilih menggunakan teknik stratified proportional random sampling. Data status gizi diperoleh melalui pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan menggunakan indeks IMT/U. Data asupan energi, protein, lemak dan karbohidrat dikumpulkan menggunakan food recall 3×24 jam, pola makan menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), sedangkan kebiasaan sarapan dan pengetahuan gizi diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05). Hasil: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi (p=0,360), asupan lemak (p=0,270), asupan karbohidrat (p=0,060), pola makan (p=0,417), dan pengetahuan gizi (p=0,294) dengan status gizi (IMT/U). Sebaliknya, terdapat hubungan antara asupan protein (p=0,035) dan kebiasaan sarapan (p=0,035) dengan status gizi (IMT/U). Kesimpulan: Asupan protein dan kebiasaan sarapan berhubungan dengan status gizi (IMT/U), sedangkan asupan energi, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, pola makan dan pengetahuan gizi tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi pada siswa/i SMA Negeri 2 Babat Toman.

Background: Nutritional status in adolescents is an important indicator that reflects health conditions and the quality of human resources. Nutritional status is influenced by several factors, including energy intake, macronutrient intake, dietary patterns, breakfast habits, and nutritional knowledge. Objective: To determine the relationship between energy intake, macronutrient intake, dietary patterns, breakfast habits, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional status (BMI-for-age) among students of SMA Negeri 2 Babat Toman. Methods: This study employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 34 students from grades X and XI selected using stratified proportional random sampling. Nutritional status was assessed through body weight and height measurements using the BMI-for-age index. Data on energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake were collected using a 3×24-hour food recall. Dietary patterns were assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while breakfast habits and nutritional knowledge were obtained through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Results: There was no significant relationship between energy intake (p = 0.360), fat intake (p = 0.270), carbohydrate intake (p = 0.060), dietary patterns (p = 0.417), and nutritional knowledge (p = 0.294) with nutritional status (BMI-for-age). However, protein intake (p = 0.035) and breakfast habits (p = 0.035) were significantly associated with nutritional status (BMI-for-age). Conclusion: Protein intake and breakfast habits were associated with nutritional status (BMI-for-age), whereas energy intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake, dietary patterns and nutritional knowledge were not associated with the nutritional status of students at SMA Negeri 2 Babat Toman.