GAMBARAN STATUS GIZI ANAK PRASEKOLAH BERDASARKAN PERILAKU MAKAN (PICKY EATER) DAN ASUPAN HARIAN DI TK ARIMBI PALEMBANG

Perilaku makan (picky eater) merupakan perilaku memilih-milih makanan yang sering terjadi pada anak prasekolah dan dapat memengaruhi asupan zat gizi serta status gizi anak. Selain perilaku makan, asupan harian energi dan zat gizi makro juga berperan dalam menentukan status gizi anak. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status gizi anak prasekolah berdasarkan perilaku makan (picky eater) dan asupan harian di TK Arimbi Palembang. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 44 anak prasekolah yang dipilih menggunakan teknik systematic random sampling. Data perilaku makan diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), data asupan harian diperoleh menggunakan metode food recall 24 jam, sedangkan status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran antropometri menggunakan indeks IMT/U. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Fisher Exact. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anak memiliki status gizi normal yaitu sebanyak 31 anak (70,5%). Sebagian besar anak termasuk kategori picky eater yaitu sebanyak 23 anak (52,3%). Asupan harian sebagian besar berada pada kategori energi kurang (86,4%), protein lebih (53,3%), lemak kurang (86,4%), dan karbohidrat kurang (90,9%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara perilaku makan (picky eater) dengan status gizi anak prasekolah dengan nilai p-value = 0,042 (p<0,05). Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan status gizi anak prasekolah (p>0,05).
Picky eating behavior is a common eating problem among preschool children that may affect nutrient intake and nutritional status. In addition to eating behavior, daily energy and macronutrient intake also play important roles in determining children's nutritional status. Objective: This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of preschool children based on picky eating behavior and daily intake at kindergarten Arimbi Palembang. Methods: This study employed a crosssectional design. The sample consisted of 44 preschool children selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on eating behavior were collected using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), while daily intake data were obtained through a 24-hour food recall method. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements based on the BMI-for-Age (BMI/A) index. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with Fisher’s Exact Test. Results: The results showed that most children had normal nutritional status, accounting for 31 children (70.5%). Most children were categorized as picky eaters, with 23 children (52.3%). Daily intake was predominantly characterized by inadequate energy intake (86.4%), excessive protein intake (53.3%), inadequate fat intake (86.4%), and inadequate carbohydrate intake (90.9%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between picky eating behavior and nutritional status among preschool children (p-value = 0.042; p<0.05). However, no significant association was found between energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake and nutritional status (p>0.05).