HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN MULTITRANSFUSI DENGAN INDIRECT COOMBS TEST (ICT) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT Dr. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG

Latar belakang : Multitransfusi meningkatkan risiko aloimunisasi akibat paparan
berulang terhadap antigen eritrosit donor, yang memicu pembentukan antibodi
ireguler dalam serum pasien. Antibodi ini dapat dideteksi melalui pemeriksaan
Indirect Coombs Test (ICT), dan apabila hasilnya positif berpotensi menyebabkan
inkompatibilitas crossmatch serta reaksi transfusi hemolitik. Tujuan penelitian :
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan karakteristik pasien multitransfusi,
yaitu frekuensi transfusi, jumlah kantong darah, dan interval transfusi, dengan
hasil ICT di Unit Pengelola Darah RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.
Metode penelitian : Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional
analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional berbasis data sekunder. Sebanyak 260
data pasien multitransfusi periode Januari 2025 hingga Mei 2026 diambil
menggunakan teknik total sampling dan dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square (α =
0,05). Hasil : Dari 260 pasien, sebagian besar menjalani transfusi 2–5 kali
(45,8%), menerima 2–10 kantong PRC (66,2%), dan memiliki interval transfusi
0–7 hari (65,8%). Hasil ICT positif ditemukan pada 80 pasien (30,8%).
Kesimpulan : Analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna
antara frekuensi transfusi (p = 0,351) dan jumlah kantong darah (p = 0,899)
dengan hasil ICT. Sebaliknya, interval transfusi menunjukkan hubungan yang
bermakna (p = 0,000), dengan angka ICT positif tertinggi pada kelompok interval
0–7 hari (39,8%). Interval transfusi yang pendek terbukti menjadi faktor yang
paling berpengaruh terhadap ICT poaitif pada pasien multitransfusi. Saran :
lakukan pemeriksaan ICT secara rutin bagi pasien dengan interval transfusi
singkat untuk mencegah reaksi transfusi hemolitik.
Kata kunci: multitransfusi, Indirect Coombs Test, interval transfusi

Background: Multitransfusion increases the risk of alloimmunization due to
repeated exposure to donor erythrocyte antigens, which triggers the formation of
irregular antibodies in the patient's serum. These antibodies can be detected
through the Indirect Coombs Test (ICT), and if positive, they can potentially cause
crossmatch incompatibility and hemolytic transfusion reactions. Objective: This
study aims to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of
multitransfusion patients, namely transfusion frequency, number of blood bags,
and transfusion interval, with ICT results in the Blood Management Unit of Dr.
Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Method: The study design used was an
observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional approach based on
secondary data. A total of 260 multitransfusion patient data from January 2025
to May 2026 were collected using a total sampling technique and analyzed using
the Chi-Square test (α = 0.05). Results: Of the 260 patients, most underwent
transfusions 2–5 times (45.8%), received 2–10 bags of PRC (66.2%), and had a
transfusion interval of 0–7 days (65.8%). Positive ICT results were found in 80
patients (30.8%). Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed no significant
relationship between transfusion frequency (p = 0.351) and number of blood bags
(p = 0.899) with ICT results. In contrast, transfusion interval showed a significant
relationship (p = 0.000), with the highest positive ICT rate in the 0–7 days interval
group (39.8%). Short transfusion intervals were shown to be the most influential
factor in positive ICT in multitransfused patients. Suggestion: perform ICT checks
routinely for patients with short transfusion intervals to prevent hemolytic
transfusion reactions.