PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK BUNGA CENGKEH (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) TERHADAP DAYA HAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM SECARA IN VITRO

Latar Belakang: Dermatofitosis merupakan infeksi jamur superfisial yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Epidermophyton floccosum. Penggunaan antijamur sintetik secara terus-menerus berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping dan resistensi sehingga diperlukan alternatif bahan alam. Bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) mengandung senyawa eugenol yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antijamur. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstrak bunga cengkeh terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan jamur Epidermophyton floccosum secara in vitro. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimental dengan rancangan Post-Test Only Control Group Design. Pengujian menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan lima kelompok perlakuan, yaitu ekstrak bunga cengkeh konsentrasi 4%, 6%, 8%, kontrol positif Ketokonazol 1%, dan kontrol negatif akuades, masing-masing sebanyak lima kali pengulangan. Data diameter zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA, Post Hoc Tukey HSD, dan Korelasi Pearson. Hasil: Rerata diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi 4%, 6%, dan 8% berturut-turut sebesar 3,300 mm, 11,900 mm, dan 26,700 mm. Uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan daya hambat yang signifikan antar kelompok (p = 0,000). Uji Post Hoc Tukey HSD menunjukkan bahwa daya hambat ekstrak bunga cengkeh konsentrasi 8% tidak berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan Ketokonazol 1% (p = 0,185), sedangkan konsentrasi 4% dan 6% berbeda signifikan terhadap kontrol positif. Uji Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan hubungan positif yang sangat kuat antara peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak dengan diameter zona hambat (r = 0,969; p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak bunga cengkeh berpengaruh terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan jamur Epidermophyton floccosum. Konsentrasi 8% menghasilkan daya hambat terbesar di antara konsentrasi ekstrak yang diuji dan tidak berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol positif.

Background: Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection, one of which is caused by Epidermophyton floccosum. Continuous use of synthetic antifungal agents may lead to adverse effects and antifungal resistance, encouraging the exploration of natural alternatives. Clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum) contains eugenol, a bioactive compound with antifungal activity. Objective: To determine the effect of various concentrations of clove flower extract on the inhibition of Epidermophyton floccosum growth in vitro. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a Post-Test Only Control Group Design. The disc diffusion method was used with five treatment groups: clove flower extract at concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8%, a positive control (1% Ketoconazole), and a negative control (distilled water), each with five replications. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc test, and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 4%, 6%, and 8% were 3.300 mm, 11.900 mm, and 26.700 mm, respectively. One-Way ANOVA showed a significant difference among treatment groups (p = 0.000). Tukey HSD analysis demonstrated that the inhibition zone produced by the 8% extract was not significantly different from that of 1% Ketoconazole (p = 0.185), whereas the 4% and 6% extracts differed significantly from the positive control. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a very strong positive relationship between extract concentration and inhibition zone diameter (r = 0.969; p = 0.000). Conclusion: Variations in clove flower extract concentration significantly affected the inhibition of Epidermophyton floccosum growth. The 8% extract produced the largest inhibition zone among the tested extract concentrations and was not significantly different from the positive control.