GAMBARAN ASUPAN NATRIUM, KALIUM, INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN TEKANAN DARAH PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS MAKRAYU KOTA PALEMBANG

Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan kondisi di mana tekanan darah sistolik seseorang mencapai 140 mmHg atau lebih, dan/atau tekanan darah diastoliknya sama dengan 90 mmHg atau lebih. Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018, dilaporkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan pengukuran pada usia ≥ 18 tahun di Indonesia mencapai 34,1%, tertinggi di Kalimantan Selatan 44,1% dan terendah di Papua 22,2%. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui gambaran asupan natrium, kalium, indeks massa tubuh dan tekanan darah penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Makrayu Kota Palembang. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari – April 2026. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 42 responden yang dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden berusia 60–80 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 33 responden (78,6%), berpendidikan terakhir SD sebanyak 22 responden (52,4%), dan bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 30 responden (71,4%). Asupan natrium kategori lebih sebanyak 23 responden (54,8%). Asupan kalium kategori kurang sebanyak 42 responden (100%). Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) kategori normal sebanyak 21 responden (50%). Tekanan darah kategori hipertensi tingkat 1 sebanyak 20 responden (47,6%). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya ketidakseimbangan asupan zat gizi, terutama natrium yang cenderung berlebih dan kalium yang kurang.

Background: Hypertension is a condition in which a person’s systolic blood pressure reaches 140 mmHg or higher, and/or their diastolic blood pressure is 90 mmHg or higher. According to the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), the prevalence of hypertension based on measurements in individuals aged ≥ 18 years in Indonesia reached 34.1%, with the highest rate in South Kalimantan at 44.1% and the lowest in Papua at 22.2%. Research Objective: To determine the profile of sodium and potassium intake, body mass index, and blood pressure among hypertensive patients at the Makrayu Community Health Center in Palembang City. Research Method: This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted from January to April 2026. The study sample consisted of 42 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Results: Most respondents were aged 60–80 years; 33 respondents (78.6%) were female; 22 respondents (52.4%) had completed elementary school; and 30 respondents (71.4%) were homemakers. Sodium intake was in the high category for 23 respondents (54.8%). Potassium intake was in the low category for 42 respondents (100%). Body mass index (BMI) was in the normal category for 21 respondents (50%). Blood pressure was in the “stage 1 hypertension” category for 20 respondents (47.6%). Conclusion: This study indicates an imbalance in nutrient intake, particularly with sodium intake tending to be excessive and potassium intake being insufficient.