GAMBARAN POLA MAKAN, ASUPAN SERAT, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI PUSKESMAS MAKRAYU PALEMBANG

Latar Belakang : Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah akibat gangguan kerja insulin. Pola makan yang tidak sesuai, rendahnya asupan serat, dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik dapat mempengaruhi kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2. Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui gambaran pola makan, asupan serat, aktivitas fisik dan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Makrayu Palembang. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Makrayu Palembang pada tanggal 19 Januari – 13 April 2026, dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 54 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui formulir Food Recall 3 x 24 jam, Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), kuesioner aktivitas fisik, serta pengukuran kadar glukosa darah sewaktu diukur menggunakan glukometer. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil Penelitian : Sebagian besar responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (79,6%), berusia 50-69 tahun (72,2%), berpendidikan SD (44,4%), dan bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (75,9%). Seluruh responden (100%) memiliki pola makan yang tidak baik dan asupan serat kurang. Sebagian besar responden memiliki aktivitas fisik ringan sebanyak 40 orang (74,1%), sedangkan (53,7%) mengalami hiperglikemia. Kesimpulan : Mayoritas penderita DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Makrayu Palembang memiliki pola makan yang belum sesuai anjuran, asupan serat yang kurang, aktivitas fisik yang ringan, dan kadar glukosa darah yang cenderung hiperglikemia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan edukasi gizi yang berkelanjutan untuk membantu pengendalian kadar glukosa darah.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin function. An unhealthy diet, low fiber intake, and lack of physical activity can affect blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research Objective: To determine the dietary patterns, fiber intake, physical activity, and blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Makrayu Community Health Center in Palembang. Research Method : A descriptive study with a crosssectional design. This study was conducted in the service area of the Makrayu Community Health Center in Palembang from January 19 to April 13, 2026, with a sample of 54 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a 3 x 24-hour food recall form, a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), a physical activity questionnaire, and random blood glucose measurements taken with a glucometer. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. Research Results : The majority of respondents were female (79.6%), aged 50–69 years (72.2%), had an elementary school education (44.4%), and were homemakers (75.9%). All respondents (100%) had poor dietary habits and insufficient fiber intake. Most respondents engaged in light physical activity (40 people, or 74.1%), while 53.7% had hyperglycemia. Conclusion : The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes at the Makrayu Community Health Center in Palembang have dietary patterns that do not meet recommendations, insufficient fiber intake, low levels of physical activity, and blood glucose levels that tend toward hyperglycemia. Therefore, ongoing nutrition education is needed to help control blood glucose levels.