Faktor Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Gumawang Tahun 2025

WATI, RAHMA (2026) Faktor Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Gumawang Tahun 2025. Diploma thesis, POLTEKKES KEMENKES PALEMBANG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Anemia dalam kehamilan merupakan kondisi adanya penurunan
sel darah merah atau menurunya kadar hemoglobin sehingga kapasitas daya angkut oksigen untuk kebutuhan organ-organ vital pada ibu dan janin menjadi berkurang. Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan ibu hamil mengalami anemia yaitu usia ibu, paritas, jarak kehamilan dan status gizi (LiLA). Pada kehamilan ibu, terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan zat besi seiring dengan peningkatan usia kehamilan. Peningkatan kebutuhan zat besi untuk mensuplai kebutuhan janin dan plasenta dalam rangka pembesaran jaringan dan masa sel darah merah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Gumawang Tahun 2025. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Sampel berjumlah 74 responden yang terdiri dari 37 kelompok kasus (ibu hamil anemia) dan 37 kelompok kontrol (ibu hamil tidak anemia), yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan odds ratio (OR). Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 74 responden, Sebagian besar berada pada kelompok usia tidak berisiko yaitu 60 responden (81,1%), paritas tidak berisiko 61 responden (82,4%), jarak kehamilan tidak berisiko 54 responden (73,0%) dan status gizi tidak KEK (LiLA ≥23,5 cm) sebanyak 39 responden (52,7%). Hasil analisis uji chi-square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia ibu, paritas, jarak kehamilan, dan status gizi (LiLA) dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil (p-value < 0,05). Jarak kehamilan memiliki risiko sebesar OR = 6,286. Status gizi (LiLA) merupakan faktor paling dominan dengan OR = 27,429, yang menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil dengan status gizi kurang memiliki risiko lebih besar mengalami anemia dibandingkan dengan ibu dengan status gizi normal. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara usia ibu, paritas, jarak kehamilan, dan status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan pelayanan antenatal care, edukasi gizi, serta pemantauan kesehatan ibu hamil secara berkala untuk mencegah anemia.

ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels, resulting in a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity to meet the needs of vital organs in both the mother and the fetus. Several factors contributing to anemia among pregnant women include maternal age, parity, birth spacing, and nutritional status (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference /MUAC). During pregnancy, iron requirements increase as gestational age advances. The increased need for iron is necessary to support fetal and placenta development, tissue growth and red blood cell mass expansion. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of anemia among pregnant women in the Working Area of UPTD Puskesmas Gumawang in 2025. Methods: This research employed a quantitative method with a case-control design. The sample consisted of 74 respondents, divided into 37 cases (pregnant women with anemia) and 37 controls (pregnant women without anemia), selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and odds ratio (OR). Results: The findings showed that the majority of respondents were in the non-risk age group (81.1%), had non-risk parity (82.4%), non-risk birth spacing (73.0%), and normal nutritional status (MUAC ≥ 23.5 cm) (52.7%). The chi-square analysis revealed significant associations between maternal age, parity, birth spacing, nutritional status, and the incidence of anemia among pregnant women (p < 0.05). Birth spacing was identified as a risk factor for anemia (OR=6.286), while nutritional status was the most dominant factor (OR=27.429), indicating that pregnant women with poor nutritional status were at a substantially higher risk of anemia among pregnant women with poor nutritional status. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between maternal age, parity, pregnancy interval, and nutritional status, and the incidence of anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, an increase in antenatal care services, nutritional education, and regular health monitoring for pregnant women is necessary to prevent anemia.

Item Type: Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Anemia, Ibu Hamil, Faktor Risiko, Case Control, Usia Ibu, Paritas, Jarak kehamilan, Status Gizi Anemia, Pregnant Women, Risk Factors, Case Control, Maternal Age, Parity, Pregnancy Interval, Nutritional Status
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
R Medicine > RG Gynecology and obstetrics
Divisions: Jurusan Kebidanan > 15301-D4 Kebidanan
Depositing User: Unnamed user with email D4bidan
Date Deposited: 31 Jul 2026 06:18
Last Modified: 31 Jul 2026 06:18
URI: http://rama.poltekkespalembang.ac.id/id/eprint/2366

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