Gambaran Laju Endap Darah pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru di Kecamatan Kemuning Kota Palembang Tahun 2026

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis paru merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global. Infeksi oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis menimbulkan respons inflamasi yang dapat memengaruhi parameter hematologi, salah satunya laju endap darah (LED) sebagai indikator inflamasi nonspesifik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran nilai laju endap darah pada penderita tuberkulosis paru berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lama pengobatan, komorbiditas, dan tingkat penghasilan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Sampel penelitian berjumlah 44 penderita tuberkulosis paru yang diperoleh dengan teknik total sampling. Pemeriksaan laju endap darah dilakukan menggunakan metode Westergren. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Rata-rata nilai laju endap darah pada penderita tuberkulosis paru sebesar 33,4 mm/jam. Nilai LED pada kelompok usia ≥50 tahun sebesar 44,9 mm/jam, sedangkan pada usia <50 tahun sebesar 28,0 mm/jam. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, nilai LED pada laki-laki sebesar 30,7 mm/jam dan perempuan sebesar 37,6 mm/jam. Berdasarkan IMT, nilai LED tertinggi terdapat pada kategori overweight (48,0 mm/jam), diikuti underweight (35,6 mm/jam), dan normal (27,9 mm/jam). Berdasarkan lama pengobatan, nilai LED pada ≤2 bulan sebesar 46,0 mm/jam dan >2 bulan sebesar 26,9 mm/jam. Nilai LED juga lebih tinggi pada penderita dengan komorbiditas (42,3 mm/jam) dibandingkan tanpa komorbiditas (31,1 mm/jam), serta pada kelompok penghasilan ≤UMK (34,7 mm/jam) dibandingkan >UMK (27,5 mm/jam). Kesimpulan: Nilai laju endap darah pada penderita tuberkulosis paru bervariasi berdasarkan karakteristik responden dan cenderung lebih tinggi pada kelompok tertentu.

Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis paru, laju endap darah, inflamasi, IMT, komorbiditas.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains an infectious disease that poses a global health problem. Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers an inflammatory response that can affect hematological parameters, one of which is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as a nonspecific marker of inflammation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the description of erythrocyte sedimentation rate values in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), duration of treatment, comorbidities, and income level. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 44 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis obtained using total sampling technique. ESR examination was performed using the Westergren method. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The mean ESR value in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 33.4 mm/hour. The ESR value in the ≥50 years age group was 44.9 mm/hour, while in the <50 years group it was 28.0 mm/hour. Based on sex, ESR values in males were 30.7 mm/hour and in females were 37.6 mm/hour. Based on BMI, the highest ESR value was found in the overweight category (48.0 mm/hour), followed by underweight (35.6 mm/hour) and normal (27.9 mm/hour). Based on treatment duration, ESR values at ≤2 months were 46.0 mm/hour and >2 months were 26.9 mm/hour. Higher ESR values were also found in patients with comorbidities (42.3 mm/hour) compared to those without comorbidities (31.1 mm/hour), and in the ≤minimum wage group (34.7 mm/hour) compared to the >minimum wage group (27.5 mm/hour). Conclusion: ESR values in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis vary based on respondent characteristics and tend to be higher in certain groups.
Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, inflammation, BMI, comorbidities.