GAMBARAN KEJADIAN KARIES GIGI MOLAR PERTAMA BAWAH PADA SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 166 PALEMBANG

Latar Belakang: Penyakit gigi dan mulut masih menjadi masalah global dengan
prevalensi tinggi, termasuk di Indonesia. Karies gigi banyak terjadi pada anak usia
sekolah dasar, terutama pada gigi molar pertama permanen yang rentan rusak akibat
faktor anatomi dan perilaku kebersihan gigi yang kurang baik. Faktor seperti
konsumsi makanan manis, kebiasaan menyikat gigi yang tidak tepat, serta
kurangnya pengawasan orang tua turut memengaruhi kejadian karies. Tujuan
Penelitian: diketahui gambaran kejadian karies gigi molar pertama bawah pada
siswa di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 166 Palembang. Metode Penelitian: Metode yang
digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasional. Sampel
pada penelitian ini berjumlah 234 siswa yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik total
sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk
distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil Penelitian: Sebanyak 124 siswa (53%)
mengalami karies gigi molar pertama bawah dan 110 siswa (47%) tidak mengalami
karies. Karies lebih banyak ditemukan pada siswa perempuan, dengan kedalaman
terbanyak mencapai email (46%) dan klasifikasi terbanyak yaitu karies kelas I
(93%). Kesimpulan: Kejadian karies gigi molar pertama bawah pada siswa di
Sekolah Dasar Negeri 166 Palembang masih tergolong tinggi. Sebagian besar karies
berada pada tahap awal dan paling banyak ditemukan pada klasifikasi kelas I. Oleh
karena itu, diperlukan upaya promotif dan preventif seperti edukasi kesehatan gigi
dan pemeriksaan gigi untuk mencegah karies lebih lanjut.

Background: Dental and oral diseases still remain a global problem with high
prevalence, including in Indonesia. Dental caries occur frequently in elementary
school-aged children, especially on the first permanent molars, which are
susceptible to damage due to anatomical factors and poor oral hygiene behaviors.
Factors such as consumption of sweet foods, improper tooth brushing habits, and
lack of parental supervision also influence the occurrence of caries. Objective: to
determine the description of the occurrence of lower first molar dental caries in
students at State Elementary School 166, Palembang. Methods: The method used
is descriptive research with an observational approach. The sample in this study
consisted of 234 students obtained using a total sampling technique. Data analysis
was conducted univariately and presented in the form of frequency and percentage
distributions. Results: As many as 124 students (53%) experienced lower first
molar tooth decay, and 110 students (47%) did not experience tooth decay. Tooth
decay was more commonly found in female students, with the greatest depth
reaching the enamel (46%), and the most common classification being class I caries
(93%). Conclusion: The occurrence of lower first molar dental caries in students at
State Elementary School 166 Palembang is still relatively high. Most caries are at
an early stage and are most commonly found in class I classification. Therefore,
promotive and preventive efforts such as dental health education and dental
examinations are needed to prevent further caries.